爆破作業的步驟是向要爆破的介質鉆出(chu)的炮孔或開挖的藥(yao)(yao)室或在其表面(mian)敷設炸藥(yao)(yao)，放(fang)入起爆雷(lei)管，然(ran)后(hou)引爆。根(gen)據(ju)藥(yao)(yao)包形狀和裝藥(yao)(yao)方(fang)式的不同，爆破方(fang)法主要分為三大(da)類： 

　　炮(pao)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)法(fa)(fa) 　在(zai)(zai)介質(zhi)內(nei)部鉆出各種孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)徑的(de)炮(pao)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)，經裝藥(yao)、放入起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)雷管、堵(du)塞孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)口、聯線等工(gong)序起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)，統稱炮(pao)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)法(fa)(fa)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)。如(ru)用手持式(shi)風鉆鉆孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)的(de)，孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)徑在(zai)(zai)50毫米、孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)深(shen)在(zai)(zai) 4米以下(xia)的(de)為(wei)淺孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)；孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)徑和孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)深(shen)大于(yu)上述數值的(de)為(wei)深(shen)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)；在(zai)(zai)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)底或其他部位事先用少量炸藥(yao)擴(kuo)出一個或多(duo)個藥(yao)壺(hu)形(xing)的(de)為(wei)藥(yao)壺(hu)法(fa)(fa)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)。淺孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)是(shi)很古老的(de)方法(fa)(fa)，已采用了三百多(duo)年；深(shen)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)是(shi)現代發展(zhan)和應(ying)用最廣的(de)方法(fa)(fa)。炮(pao)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)法(fa)(fa)是(shi)巖土爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技術的(de)基本形(xing)式(shi)。 

　　藥(yao)室(shi)法 　在(zai)山(shan)(shan)體內(nei)開挖坑道、藥(yao)室(shi)，裝入(ru)大(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)(liang)炸(zha)藥(yao)的(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)破方(fang)法，一(yi)次能爆(bao)下的(de)(de)(de)土石方(fang)數量(liang)(liang)(liang)幾乎是不(bu)受限制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)，在(zai)每個藥(yao)室(shi)里裝入(ru)的(de)(de)(de)炸(zha)藥(yao)有(you)多達千噸(dun)以上的(de)(de)(de)。中國四川渡口市獅(shi)子山(shan)(shan)大(da)(da)爆(bao)破(1971年) 總裝藥(yao)量(liang)(liang)(liang)10162.2噸(dun)，爆(bao)破1140萬米3， 在(zai)世(shi)界(jie)上也是最(zui)大(da)(da)規模的(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)爆(bao)破之一(yi)。藥(yao)室(shi)法爆(bao)破廣泛應用(yong)(yong)于露(lu)天開挖塹壕、填筑路堤(di)、基(ji)坑等(deng)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，特別是在(zai)露(lu)天礦的(de)(de)(de)剝離工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)和筑壩工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，能有(you)效地縮短工(gong)期，節省(sheng)勞動(dong)力，而(er)且需(xu)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)機械設備少，并不(bu)受季(ji)節和地方(fang)條件的(de)(de)(de)限制(zhi)。